Bypass surgery is not even nearer to give physical and mental comfort to the patient and does not give patient longer smooth life. I describe this surgical procedure as a criminal act, as it leads the patients towards premature death. It is a larger stimulus triggering the signal transduction , which is a process might be beneficial or detrimental to cell. But bypass surgery, the stimulus for signal transduction is always detrimental at molecular level. It is not that it is only detrimental to heart, but also to entire body. Bypass surgery is done to re-perfuse the tissue beyond blockages which are deprived of oxygenation, partially or completely.

           Usually, heart is arrested during coronary artery bypass surgery and coronary artery perfusion is stopped artificially and heart is cooled to zero degree Celcius and at the same time, body temp. is also reduced to 26-28degree Celcius as it is required. Arterial blood flow is reduced by 50% as 50% oxygenation is required at that temperature. Mitochondria are deprived of sudden oxygenation for certain period of time. At the end of the operation, coronary arteries are allowed to perfuse with rewarming of patient’s body, which allows tissue to be re-perfused. This is major insult and thermal injury to the tissues at molecular level and acting as a larger external stimulus. This incidence is acting like a chemical shock at molecular level. This injury stimulates certain hormone like adrenaline, binds with receptors at the surface of the plasma membrane, forms a new protein complex. The whole process of signal transduction is triggered primarily by external stimulus and in this case it is called a re-perfusion injury. This signal transduction give signal to the different molecules in the cytoplasm which are protein by nature to interact and form a new complex and as a result, new protein complex is formed, which is transported to the particular sites and does its own respective function. If this signal transduction is mistaken one, then ultimate function of the new protein complex is mistaken one, which is detrimental to a tissue at that particular site, and however if ultimate action on that particular site is beneficial one provided that signal transduction is not a mistaken one.

         Secondary blockages within coronary and peripheral arteries are mistaken events due to the mistaken signal transduction, which occurs immediately after bypass surgery, angioplasty, stenting. This is so severe that entire tissue of the body at molecular level become injurious and the mistaken protein reverses the metabolic process which speeds up the blockages and patient lives an abnormal life and premature death become certain. Mistaken signal transduction becomes so severe that it requires only few days to few weeks to get blockages within peripheral arteries, whereas it takes 15-25 years to cause the primary blockages of coronary and peripheral arteries.